Bullets:
ASML is a Dutch company, who builds EUV (Extreme Ultraviolet) and DUV (Deep UV) lithography machines for advanced chipmaking.
After pressure during the first Trump Administration, the Netherlands restricted ASML’s exports of EUV machines to China.
The Chinese developed a domestic industry to manufacture EUV and DUV equipment, and have recently achieved breakthroughs in prototypes and tools for both.
But China also moved against ASML’s supply chains for the EUV devices. They discovered that a German company relied on Chinese rare earth materials to make coating materials for ASML, and put that company on its own export controls lists.
Closing scene, Tianmu Mountain near Shaoxing, Zhejiang
Resources and links:
The chip-making machine at the center of Chinese dual-use concerns
https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-chip-making-machine-at-the-center-of-chinese-dual-use-concerns/
The EUV Machine: The $400 Million Device That Built the AI Revolution
https://www.whatjobs.com/news/the-euv-machine-the-400-million-device-that-built-the-ai-revolution/
Trump administration pressed Dutch hard to cancel China chip-equipment sale - sources
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-asml-holding-usa-china-insight/trump-administration-pressed-dutch-hard-to-cancel-china-chip-equipment-sale-sources-idUSKBN1Z50HN/
China eyes mastery of EUV lithography, bolstering AI chip ambitions, analysts say
https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-war/article/3337100/china-eyes-mastery-euv-lithography-bolstering-ai-chip-ambitions-analysts-say
How China built its ‘Manhattan Project’ to rival the West in AI chips
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/how-china-built-its-manhattan-project-rival-west-ai-chips-2025-12-17/
Start-up unveils prototype ‘heart’ of EUV lithography amid China chipmaking push
https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3370966/start-unveils-prototype-heart-euv-lithography-amid-china-chipmaking-push
China talks up EUV progress, but gap with ASML remains wide
https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10910205
ASML 2025 Annual Report
https://investor.asml.com/annual-reports/2025
China adds 14 European entities to export control list, hitting back at EU sanctions
https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3361732/china-adds-eu-entities-export-control-list
China bans rare earth exports to 14 European companies
https://www.spglobal.com/energy/en/news-research/latest-news/metals/072426-china-bans-rare-earth-exports-to-14-european-companies
EU mulls sanctions reprieve for Chinese fabric-maker accused of aiding Russia
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/3371832/eu-mulls-sanctions-reprieve-chinese-fabric-maker-accused-aiding-russia
EU to Remove Sanctions on Chinese Firm to Save ASML Supplier
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-10-14/eu-set-to-lift-sanction-on-chinese-firm-to-save-asml-supplier
Europe Is Trading a Sanction for a Supplier
https://resiliencealpha.com/issue-07.html
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