Microglia, the immune cells that protect the brain, are thought to maintain a healthy brain environment by removing unwanted substances through dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, the cell's internal framework. It has been known that microglia express Hv1/VSOP, a channel protein that transports protons, but it was believed to function at the cell membrane surface, regulating pH in its vicinity.

Microglia, the immune cells that protect the brain, are thought to maintain a healthy brain environment by removing unwanted substances through dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, the cell’s internal framework. It has been known that microglia express Hv1/VSOP, a channel protein that transports protons, but it was believed to function at the cell membrane surface, regulating pH in its vicinity.

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