Brazil is the world’s most biodiverse country, and the title is not closely contested in absolute numbers: between 10% and 15% of all known species live within its borders. The country contains nearly two-thirds of the Amazon rainforest and supplies about a tenth of the world’s food. That combination of ecological wealth and economic weight gives Brazil an outsize role in the global effort to slow nature loss. Yet Brazil was also among the roughly 85% of countries that missed the 2024 deadline to submit a new National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan to the United Nations under the Convention on Biological Diversity. When delegates gathered for the COP16 summit in Cali, Colombia, in October 2024, Brazil’s plan was still unfinished.   On December 29th 2025, it finally arrived. The new NBSAP covers the period from 2025 to 2030 and is the product of a long consultation involving hundreds of scientists, Indigenous representatives, civil-society groups and government officials. It is ambitious, detailed and aligned with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Whether it is durable is another matter. Conserving 80% of the Amazon One of the plan’s headline commitments is to “conserve” 80% of the Brazilian Amazon by 2030. The wording matters. Conservation here includes protected areas, Indigenous territories and other forms of managed land where large-scale conversion is prohibited. There is some recent momentum to build on. Annual deforestation in the Amazon has fallen for five consecutive years and, in 2025, reached its lowest level in more than a…This article was originally published on Mongabay

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