Advocacy organizations on Monday renewed sharp criticism of European Union policymakers’ plans for new rules targeting undocumented immigrants after the Council of the EU finalized its “return regulation” proposal at a meeting in Brussels.

Building on the EU’s Pact on Migration and Asylum—set to take effect next June despite being denounced as a “bow to right-wing extremists and fascists”—the European Commission this past March proposed common rules for expelling migrants. The council’s deal on Monday established its position on the proposal for negotiations with the European Parliament on the final text.

Despite serious pressure from civil society, including joint statements in September and last week, the Council of the EU—made up of national ministers from the bloc’s 27 member states—agreed to support “strict obligations on returnees,” such as limiting certain benefits, refusing or withdrawing work permits, and imposing criminal sanctions, including imprisonment.

The council also backed the creation of “return hubs” outside of the European Union, putting in place “special measures for people who pose a security risk,” mutual recognition of bloc members’ deportation decisions, and a form that will be filled out and added to the EU’s information-sharing system for security and border management.

The EU Council’s recent Returns Regulation deal goes against key demands from about 70 civil society organisations.🔊The main demand: A rights-based approach focused on voluntary, dignified return, strict detention limits, and full compliance with EU and international law.
— ECRE (@theecre.bsky.social) December 8, 2025 at 8:44 AM

“EU ministers’ position on the return regulation reveals the EU’s dogged and misguided insistence on ramping up deportations, raids, surveillance, and detention at any cost,” declared Olivia Sundberg Diez, Amnesty International’s EU advocate on migration and asylum, in a statement. “These punitive measures amount to an unprecedented stripping of rights based on migration status and will leave more people in precarious situations and legal limbo.”

“In addition, EU member states continue to push for cruel and unworkable ‘return hubs,’ or offshore deportation centers outside of the EU—forcibly transferring people to countries where they have no connection and may be detained for long periods, violating protections in international law,” she continued. “This approach mirrors the harrowing, dehumanizing, and unlawful mass arrests, detention, and deportations in the US, which are tearing families apart and devastating communities.”

US President Donald Trump returned to office in January, having campaigned on a promise of mass deportations despite facing global condemnation for his first-term immigration policies, particularly family separation. His second term has featured masked federal agents prowling the streets; engaging violently with undocumented immigrants, US citizens of color, and protesters, including Democratic politicians; and detaining migrants—most of whom lack criminal convictions—in inhumane conditions.

The Trump administration aims to boost a far-right movement already on the rise in Europe, claiming in a “national security strategy” document released last Thursday that the continent faces the “stark prospect of civilizational erasure” due to mass migration and the United States must take steps to help “correct its current trajectory.”

As Agence France-Presse reported:

A decline in irregular entries to Europe—down by around 20% so far in 2025 compared to last year—has not eased the pressure to act on the hot-button issue.

“We have to speed up,” said EU migration commissioner Magnus Brunner, “to give the people the feeling that we have control over what is happening.”

…Under the impetus of Denmark, which holds the EU’s rotating presidency and has long advocated for stricter migration rules, member states are moving forward at a rapid pace.

On Monday, as Sundberg Diez put it, the Council of the EU took “an already deeply flawed and restrictive commission proposal and opted to introduce new punitive measures, dismantling safeguards and weakening rights further, rather than advancing policies that promote dignity, safety, and health for all.”

“They will inflict deep harm on migrants and the communities that welcome them,” the campaigner added. “Amnesty International urges the European Parliament, which is yet to adopt its final position on the proposal, to reverse this approach and place human rights firmly at the center of upcoming negotiations.”

The Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM)—which, like Amnesty, was among over 250 groups that signed the September statement—also urged the European Parliament to reject the council’s policies, taking aim at plans for home raids; expansion of detention, including of children; deportation hubs outside the EU; 20-year entry bans; and more.

“This so-called ‘return regulation’ ushers in a deportation regime that entrenches punishment, violence, and discrimination,” said PICUM advocacy officer Silvia Carta. “Instead of investing in safety, protection, and inclusion, the EU is choosing policies that will push more people into danger and legal limbo. The council’s position goes against basic humanity and EU values. Now it is up to the European Parliament to reject this approach. Migration governance must be rooted in dignity and rights—not fear, racism, or exclusion.”

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Sarah Chander, director at the Equinox Initiative for Racial Justice, was similarly critical, arguing that with the proposal, “the EU is legitimizing offshore prisons, racial profiling, and child detention in ways we have never seen. Instead of finding ways to ensure safety and protection for everybody, the EU is pushing a punishment regime for migrants, which will help no one.”

Alkistis Agrafioti Chatzigianni, an advocacy officer and lawyer at the Greek Council for Refugees, noted that “Greece has become one of the EU’s starkest experiments in detaining asylum applicants—marked by prison-like conditions, a lack of effective monitoring mechanisms, and repeated findings of rights violations.”

The return regulation, the expert warned, “threatens to replicate and entrench this model across Europe. Instead of learning from the profound failures of detention-based approaches, the EU is choosing to scale them up, turning border zones into sites of coercion and trauma for people seeking protection. This is a dangerous step backwards. A humane migration system must be built on dignity, transparency, and the right to seek safety.”

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